Reports journalist Rita Agnes Sulistyawaty
PADANG, THURSDAY - A number of cases out of the forest tiger is a sign that nature was the king of the forest damage in the forest environment. Environmental damage that may be caused perambahan forests, illegal logging, to a burning forest and land.
Head of Central Natural Resources Conservation (BKSDA) Indra Arinal West Sumatra, on Thursday (26 / 2), the damage to forests in Sumatra are in the middle of this big. That is one of a number of trigger conflict between tiger and humans that occurred simultaneously in January-February this.
Tiger-human conflict is very much in West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau, shows that the forest conditions are very damaged. "Forest is a habitat for living relax. If the forest is not disturbed, tiger will not take big risks to get out of their habitat and appeared to human settlement," said Indra.
In West Sumatra, tiger conflict occurred in late January when the tiger sumatera entry to settlement residents Halaban, Limapuluh City District, and a number of cattle memangsa. District Limapuluh still in the city, public unrest will cause excess harimau support of up tiger hunting. A tiger hunter caught Polsek Kapur IX District Limapuluh City two weekends back.
In Riau Province, the three conflict tiger tail tiger died, while six people died as a result diterkam relax in Jambi Province. Events occur only within a period of one month only.
Indra said, forest fires and land does not only impact on the disease in the channel human respiratory infections, but also the balance of habitat terganggunya live animals in the forest.
Every time a fire to burn the forest, animals terusik and will soon move to a safe place. When the switch is to the decrease, many animals will go to the settlement population.
In fact, not only the tiger appeared, but also a number of other animals such as the honey bear. "However, the largest conflict of human and animals occur in the case so that the tiger tiger penampakan invite the attention," said Indra again.
He expects the government to realize the human-tiger conflicts and take this policy to rescue the forest, not to increase the area of forest conversion.
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Main articles: Ocean acidification, global cooling, global dimming, and ozone depletion
A variety of issues are often raised in relation to global warming. One is ocean acidification. Increased atmospheric CO2 increases the amount of CO2 dissolved in the oceans.[133] CO2 dissolved in the ocean reacts with water to form carbonic acid, resulting in acidification. Ocean surface pH is estimated to have decreased from 8.25 near the beginning of the industrial era to 8.14 by 2004,[134] and is projected to decrease by a further 0.14 to 0.5 units by 2100 as the ocean absorbs more CO2.[1][135] Since organisms and ecosystems are adapted to a narrow range of pH, this raises extinction concerns, directly driven by increased atmospheric CO2, that could disrupt food webs and impact human societies that depend on marine ecosystem services.[136]
Global dimming, the gradual reduction in the amount of global direct irradiance at the Earth's surface, may have partially mitigated global warming in the late 20th century. From 1960 to 1990 human-caused aerosols likely precipitated this effect. Scientists have stated with 66–90% confidence that the effects of human-caused aerosols, along with volcanic activity, have offset some of the global warming, and that greenhouse gases would have resulted in more warming than observed if not for these dimming agents.[1]
Ozone depletion, the steady decline in the total amount of ozone in Earth's stratosphere, is frequently cited in relation to global warming. Although there are areas of linkage, the relationship between the two is not strong.
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Global temperatures have increased by 0.75 °C (1.35 °F) relative to the period 1860–1900, according to the instrumental temperature record. This measured temperature increase is not significantly affected by the urban heat island effect.[52] Since 1979, land temperatures have increased about twice as fast as ocean temperatures (0.25 °C per decade against 0.13 °C per decade).[53] Temperatures in the lower troposphere have increased between 0.12 and 0.22 °C (0.22 and 0.4 °F) per decade since 1979, according to satellite temperature measurements. Temperature is believed to have been relatively stable over the one or two thousand years before 1850, with possibly regional fluctuations such as the Medieval Warm Period or the Little Ice Age.[citation needed]
Sea temperatures increase more slowly than those on land both because of the larger effective heat capacity of the oceans and because the ocean can lose heat by evaporation more readily than the land.[54] The Northern Hemisphere has more land than the Southern Hemisphere, so it warms faster. The Northern Hemisphere also has extensive areas of seasonal snow and sea-ice cover subject to the ice-albedo feedback. More greenhouse gases are emitted in the Northern than Southern Hemisphere, but this does not contribute to the difference in warming because the major greenhouse gases persist long enough to mix between hemispheres.[55]
Based on estimates by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2005 was the warmest year since reliable, widespread instrumental measurements became available in the late 1800s, exceeding the previous record set in 1998 by a few hundredths of a degree.[56] Estimates prepared by the World Meteorological Organization and the Climatic Research Unit concluded that 2005 was the second warmest year, behind 1998.[57][58] Temperatures in 1998 were unusually warm because the strongest El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the past century occurred during that year.[59]
Anthropogenic emissions of other pollutants—notably sulfate aerosols—can exert a cooling effect by increasing the reflection of incoming sunlight. This partially accounts for the cooling seen in the temperature record in the middle of the twentieth century,[60] though the cooling may also be due in part to natural variability. James Hansen and colleagues have proposed that the effects of the products of fossil fuel combustion—CO2 and aerosols—have, for the short term, largely offset one another, so that net warming in recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO2 greenhouse gases.[61]
Paleoclimatologist William Ruddiman has argued that human influence on the global climate began around 8,000 years ago with the start of forest clearing to provide land for agriculture and 5,000 years ago with the start of Asian rice irrigation.[62][63] Ruddiman's interpretation of the historical record, with respect to the methane data, has been disputed.[64]
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